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{"id":285,"date":"2020-04-13T21:14:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-13T19:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/?p=285"},"modified":"2020-05-03T16:27:36","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T14:27:36","slug":"jak-chranit-elektroinstalace-pred-prepetim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/jak-chranit-elektroinstalace-pred-prepetim\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak chr\u00e1nit elektroinstalace p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed je nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 svou velikost\u00ed p\u0159evy\u0161uje amplitudu jmenovit\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed velikost\u00ed, pr\u016fb\u011bhem a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou (p\u016fvodem) sv\u00e9ho vzniku. Obdobn\u00e1 definice \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed je stav, kdy je mezi vodi\u010di (svorkami) nap\u011bt\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e tam m\u00e1 b\u00fdt. A v d\u016fsledku p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad zho\u0159et izolace, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke zkratu aj. vybaven\u00ed jisti\u010de. V domovn\u00edch elektroinstalac\u00edch se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed objevit nap\u0159\u00edklad v d\u016fsledku poruchy v distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edti \u010di rozvodech, v d\u016fsledku \u00faderu blesku a podobn\u011b. Jedinou prevenc\u00ed je P\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1<\/em> ochrana<\/a><\/strong>. Tedy krom\u011b p\u0159ipoji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jeliko\u017e pojistn\u00e9 smlouvy v\u011bt\u0161inou ve standardu \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm nezahrnuj\u00ed.\u010cili p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed je nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotu provozn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed v elektrick\u00e9m obvodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1me vnit\u0159n\u00ed (provozn\u00ed) a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9). Podle \u010dasov\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu pak p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed trval\u00e9 (st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 frekvence a konstantn\u00ed efektivn\u00ed hodnoty), do\u010dasn\u00e9 (st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 frekvence a doby trv\u00e1n\u00ed od 0,03 do 3600 s), p\u0159echodn\u00e9 (p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolik milisekund nebo m\u00e9n\u011b, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 tlumen\u00fd oscila\u010dn\u00ed nebo impulzn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh) a kombinovan\u00e9 (p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed vznikl\u00e9 v\u00fdskytem dvou a v\u00edce druh\u016f p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din vzniku provozn\u00edch p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed jsou p\u0159echodn\u00e9 d\u011bje, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 d\u011bje p\u0159i poruchov\u00fdch stavech, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i zkratech a zemn\u00edch spojen\u00edch, p\u0159echodn\u00e9 d\u011bje vznikl\u00e9 p\u0159i sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159echodn\u00e9 d\u011bje p\u0159i n\u00e1hl\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (tzv. dynamick\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Blesk<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Pinterest\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se br\u00e1nit proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Rozsah a zp\u016fsob ochrany p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm je pln\u011b na rozhodnut\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele. Jinak si bude chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd vlastn\u00ed star\u00fd televizor a r\u00e1dio, jinak odborn\u00edk, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed drahou techniku. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je ale v\u017edy t\u0159eba obr\u00e1tit se na odbornou elektroinstala\u010dn\u00ed firmu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b projektanta, kte\u0159\u00ed za n\u00e1vrh ochrany p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm a jej\u00ed realizaci odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f a modul\u016f proti vliv\u016fm p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed des\u00edtky typ\u016f. Jde o nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukce v mnoha cenov\u00fdch relac\u00edch. Tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou velmi rychl\u00e1, v\u011bt\u0161inou jednoduch\u00e1, nab\u00edzena jsou v\u0161ak i za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00e1. Tyto ochrany naz\u00fdv\u00e1me r\u016fzn\u011b: bleskosvody, zemn\u00edc\u00ed lana, svodi\u010de p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed, ochrann\u00e1 jisk\u0159i\u0161t\u011b, pr\u016frazky, bleskojistky, p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 jisti\u010de, polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 prvky apod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z hlediska p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed jsou nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed blesky, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsob\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed tis\u00edce \u0161kod. V d\u016fsledku bleskem zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt dokonce k po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm. Nej\u010dast\u011bji posti\u017een\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty po bou\u0159ce p\u0159itom b\u00fdv\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed elektronika, elektrospot\u0159ebi\u010de a komunika\u010dn\u00ed technika. Jako ochranu lze nap\u0159\u00edklad instalovat takzvan\u00fd prodlu\u017eovac\u00ed filtr, na kter\u00fd se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed elektronika, ale i set-top box a telefonn\u00ed linka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bleskosvod\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Pinterest\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ud\u00e1losti po \u00faderu blesku, kter\u00e9 jsou nahla\u0161ov\u00e1ny klienty poji\u0161\u0165oven, maj\u00ed z 90 procent p\u016fvod pr\u00e1v\u011b v p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9m \u00faderem blesku n\u011bkde v okol\u00ed. Pouze minimum lid\u00ed je v\u0161ak na p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bno a jen m\u00e1lokdo v\u00ed, zda zni\u010den\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkem blesku, kter\u00e9 je za bou\u0159ky nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, je ve smlouv\u011b v\u016fbec obsa\u017eeno. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161e slu\u017eba<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed je nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 svou velikost\u00ed p\u0159evy\u0161uje amplitudu jmenovit\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed velikost\u00ed, pr\u016fb\u011bhem a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou (p\u016fvodem) sv\u00e9ho vzniku. Obdobn\u00e1 definice \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed je stav, kdy je mezi vodi\u010di (svorkami) nap\u011bt\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e tam m\u00e1 b\u00fdt. A v d\u016fsledku p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad zho\u0159et izolace, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke zkratu aj. vybaven\u00ed jisti\u010de. V domovn\u00edch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[4,10,11,38],"yst_prominent_words":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=285"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":294,"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285\/revisions\/294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=285"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nonstopelektro.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}